№15/2022

Ihor Pasichnyk,

Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor,

Rector of the National University of Ostroh Academy

Mariia Avhustiuk,

PhD in Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor at the International Relations Department, The National University of Ostroh Academy

THE MAIN ASPECTS OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM “INCREASING METACOGNITIVE MONITORING ACCURACY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACTIVITIES BY MEANS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE”

The article substantiates main characteristics and content of the training program for increasing metacognitive monitoring accuracy of university students’ learning activities by means of emotional intelligence. The tasks of the training program are aimed at forming the skills of perceiving emotions accurately, using emotions to facilitate thoughts, understanding emotions, and managing emotions; imparting students’ acknowledgement about the specifics of metacognitive monitoring accuracy of university learning activities; development of reflexivity, internal learning motivation, metacognitive awareness; students’ awareness of the characteristic features of their own processes of understanding, evaluating and reproducing information; formation of the skills of comprehension and analysis of tasks, understanding of the specifics of the tasks performed.

The tasks of the stages of the developed training program, which consisted of seven blocks, are outlined: introduction, formation of the ability to perceive emotions, formation of the ability to use emotions to facilitate thoughts, formation of the ability to understand and analyze emotions, formation of the ability to manage emotions, formation of reflexivity and metacognitive awareness, as well as formation of skills for metacognitive monitoring accuracy of university students’ learning activities. The proposed training program will help students to perceive, evaluate and express emotions and related needs of physical and mental state and appearance; use emotions to increase efficiency of thinking and activities; understand and analyze emotional information; consciously manage emotions for personal growth and improvement of interpersonal relationships; flexibly approach the setting of the learning goals, monitor and control one’s own cognitive activity, use independent planning during learning.

Moreover, the article describes the results of the testing of the training program. A strong evidence of its efficiency and effectiveness is the absence of statistically significant differences in the control group, as well as positive shifts in students’ implementation of more accurate metacognitive judgments while performing the tasks of the experiment.

A promising direction of research of emotional intelligence is the study of the peculiarities of its influence on metacognitive monitoring accuracy of the learning activities in students of higher education.

Keywords: emotional intelligence, learning activity, metacognitive monitoring accuracy, training program.

Tetiana Kravchyna,

PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor of Foreign Languages,

Khmelnytsky National University

MODELS OF FOREIGN TEXT UNDERSTANDING

The article aims: 1) to analyze the theoretical development of models for understanding a foreign language text from a psychological point of view; 2) to emphasize their contribution to the general theory of understanding; 3) to structure, single out models of comprehension of a foreign language text. It also considers psycholinguistic and cognitive processes that affect the reader’s understanding of a foreign language text, analyzes resonant, constructivist and dynamic approaches to the processes of decoding lexical and grammatical information and inference of the meaning of the text. The main idea of the resonant approach is that in the process of reading, the reader automatically activates and removes from long-term memory all the information that corresponds to the semantic and phonological material of the text. The constructivist approach assumes that text comprehension is based on cognitively processed meanings of lexical units, which are always constructed in working memory depending on the content of the context and verbal/nonverbal experience of the reader. Currently, a dynamic approach to modelling the foreign text comprehension dominates, in which the resonant process and construction are considered to interact on a stage basis: the initial broad activation of lexical and grammatical concepts is accompanied by cognitive processing and extraction of relevant meanings from different knowledge structures in the long run. Thus, all these processes actively interact with the individual cognitive base of the reader, which does not lead to the creation of a literal, but to a more complex mental representation of a foreign text. The created representation depends not only on the previous knowledge of the reader, but also enriches his frames, which contain information about the typical and the possible in relevant situations.

Keywords: cognitive base of the reader, understanding, foreign language text, approaches, models.

Valentyna Vovk,

PhD in Psychology,

Teacher at the Psychology Department Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University

PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL QUALITIES OF A BUSINESS PSYCHOLOGIST

Business needs specialists in personnel work, organizational and personnel consulting. Today they are in demand in banks, large industrial and commercial holdings, medium and small enterprises. In particular, business psychologists are the specialists, who work to ensure the realization of potential opportunities for staff and management of business organizations, promote effective communication in the team, form a personnel reserve, etc.

The article notes that professional and personal qualities in the work of a business psychologist are often closely related. The profession leaves an imprint on the lifestyle and personality of the specialist, and personal characteristics are reflected in all types of professional activities of a business psychologist.

Possession of the most pronounced professional and personal qualities is a prerequisite for the effective implementation of practical activities at any stage of professional development of a business psychologist personality. Focusing on continuous professional development, self-improvement provides a high level of competitiveness, productivity and, consequently, career growth, self-realization and self-improvement.

Keywords: business psychologist, professional qualities, personal qualities, business organization, professional reflection, communicative qualities, professional competence, responsibility, unconditional acceptance, empathy, recruitment, motivation, psychological education, evaluation and certification of staff.

Viktor Moskalets,

Doctor of Sciences in Psychology, Professor, Head of the Department of General and Clinical Psychology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University

THE PERSPECTIVE OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE MOSCOVITES

The article substantiates the basis of a constructive approach to solving the problem of positive transformations in the psychology of the Moscovites based on processing the work of unsurpassed connoisseurs of the psychology of peoples and masses and dictators of the 19-20th centuries. It also reflects the reasons for the formation of those personality traits of Putin in his childhood and adolescence, united in the desire for power. It is shown that despite Putin’s pathologic negligence, kleptomania, and mafia-bandit mentality, signs of a paranoid form of schizophrenia are found in his activities: ideas-fixes, persecution mania, etc. Probably, he also has mental pathology, which was studied and called ‘disintegration syndrome’ by E. Fromm. They are necrophiles, meaning they love death, the dead, and destruction.

Moreover, we also analysed the psychological mechanisms of the transformation of the masses into ‘cattle mass’, which succeeds under certain conditions. Such conditions were and are in Muscovy-Russia. The main one is the tendency of Moscovites to slavery. There are facts confirming that in the functioning of propensities and other components of orientation (value orientations, worldviews, etc.) as a matrix of motivational dynamics of ethno-national communities the bio-genetic factor does not play a role. The main means of formation and functioning of this matrix is tradition – the main form of representation and affirmation of society, in which it fixes basic knowledge about itself, its spiritual values, etc. Changing traditions is very difficult, but not impossible. It is capable and should be carried out by the intellectual elite of the nation and the state created by it, first of all, its part, which cherishes humanistic spiritual values – orientation to the good.

The key task of this work is justified: the formation of a type of character based on independence, persistence, ingenuity, and biophilia – the love of life. The article also proposes the necessary conditions for the success of this work: 1) the awareness of the oppressed population of the regions of the Russian Federation of their self-sufficiency and their ability to dispose of the wealth of their own land; 2) the rejection of nuclear weapons and the final collapse of the Moscow Empire so that these factors do not support the illusion of greatness; 3) the philosophy and psychology of remorse for all the horrific crimes committed by the Moscow State against humanity; and 4) quality humanistic education, primarily – a truthful history.

Key words: slavery, freedom, psychology of peoples and masses, totalitarianism, fear, conformism, tradition, intellectual elite, character type.

Halyna Handzilevska,

Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Professor of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, The National University of Ostroh Academy

Valentyn Kostiuchyk,

an MA student of the specialty "Psychology",

The National University of Ostroh Academy

Mgr Olena Hundarenko,

PhD, The Faculty of Humanities,

The University of Žilina, Žilina (Slovakia)

Mgr Eva Lelakova,

PhD, The Faculty of Humanities,

The University of Žilina, Žilina (Slovakia)

THE ROLE OF RESILIENCE IN PREVENTING PROCRASTINATION OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MASTERING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: UKRAINIAN-POLISH-SLOVAK EXPERIENCE

The article focuses on the peculiarities of procrastination based on resilience of the Ukrainian students while studying English, as well as of Ukrainians studying abroad (Slovakia, Poland) or of those forced to leave Ukraine due to russian aggression and being obliged to learn a foreign language (Slovak and Polish). The relevance of the study of procrastination inside both groups is evidenced by the results of an empirical study that demonstrates an advantage of high and medium levels of overall procrastination. The constructive role of resilience in measuring procrastination of the respondents of the first group has been statistically confirmed, and the dependence of resilience indicators of the respondents of the second group on individual scales of procrastination has been revealed. The emphasis is placed on the importance of developing resilience in order to prevent procrastination of the English-speaking students and on elaboration of a flexible response to the changed situation, as well as communicative control of the respondents studying Slovak and Polish languages.

Keywords: procrastination, resilience, communicative control, educational bilingualism, Ukrainian students.

Oksana Matlasevych,

Doctor of Sciences in Psychology, Associate Professor,

Head at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy,

The National University of Ostroh Academy

Iryna Kolodiazhna,

4th year student of Psychology,

The National University of Ostroh Academy

THE ROLE OF SELF-CARE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPATHY OF FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS

The article is devoted to the problem of empathy and its development in future psychologists. It is noted that empathy, as the ability to understand the inner world of another person, and sympathize with him or her, is one of the most important professional qualities for psychologists and one of the factors of the success of their professional activity. However, an excessive empathic concern may be a risk factor for burnout. It was found that psychologists can use 5 forms of empathic response in their work: understanding, challenge, research, assumption, and interpretation. These forms of response require the use of cognitive thinking processes and are more like a skill that can be developed and trained. At the same time, the cognitive costs of empathy may force future psychologists to avoid it.

As a result of the conducted empirical research, it was noticed that empathy is underdeveloped in future psychologists. It was found that 10.5% of final year students have a very low level of empathy, 36.8% have an undervalued level, 52.6% have an average level of empathy, and no student was found with a high level of empathy. The empathy scores of the final year students are lower compared to the 3rd and 2nd year students, which can be explained by the increased level of personal stress and anxiety of the graduates before their further life and professional trajectory. It was also found out that besides personal stress, the ability of empathic response is impaired due to the frequent sleep deprivation traced in students. Based on the theoretical analysis, it is substantiated that for the development of healthy empathy of future psychologists, which would not further lead to sensory overload and emotional exhaustion, self-care skills that are formed on the basis of self-awareness, mindfulness and self-reflection should become extremely important. These require vulnerability, which can cause feelings of insecurity and even shame. But it is vital for psychologists to recognize that their mistakes and failures are not special; or different from what they see in others when they show empathy and sympathy. Everyone experiences pain, loneliness, despair, and inadequacy, but only by sharing this as part of a shared humanity we can understand that we are not alone. The driving force behind the cultivation of empathy is the desire to develop empathy and the belief in the possibilities of its development.

Keywords: empathy, self-care, self-compassion, self-reflection, students, psychologists, development.

Yelyzaveta Tymoshchuk,

Teacher at the Psychology and Pedagogy Department,

PhD Student of Psychology,

The National University of Ostroh Academу

Ivanna Bruiaka,

Mgr Student of Psychology,

The National University of Ostroh Academу

Vadym Liubomyrskyi,

Mgr Student of Psychology,

The National University of Ostroh Academу

THE ROLE OF INTUITION IN THE STRUCTURE OF SELF-REGULATION IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY

The article updates the issues of research on the topic of intuition, emotional intelligence and self-regulation in the context of decision-making under conditions of uncertainty, focusing on the limitations of modern scientific assets on this topic, which to a greater extent reflect the nature of the confrontation between rational and intuitive approaches. Instead, this article presents a view of the modern world оf BANI, which requires a modern man to be flexible and have a developed ability to adapt.

The article reflects the empirical results that demonstrate the ambivalent nature of the manifestation of indicators of the intuitive-rational approach, emphasizing the urgent need for further development of modern research with the involvement of a wider sample, and changing the conditions of the experiment. Moreover, this paper describes theoretical components of the decision-making process, which demonstrate the presence of stress and uncertainty in the process of making even everyday decisions. The concept of subjective and objective uncertainty is revealed and their possible influence on our life and the decision-making process itself is highlighted. The characteristic influence of uncertainty on the self-regulation of the individual from the point of view of a modern war is also described.

The absence of a modern conceptual apparatus that could clearly outline the concept of intuition and processes that can be called intuitive is emphasized. The results of the research of modern scientific schools demonstrate the tendency of individuals to an intuitive approach when making decisions in natural conditions.

Theoretical assets demonstrating the connection between intuition, affective states and emotions, which reflect the main principles of information distortion in the decision-making process, are also highlighted.

Keywords: intuition, intuitive thinking, self-regulation, decision-making.

Tetiana Сhernous,

PhD Student at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy,

The National University of Ostroh Academy

Viktoriia Kalamazh,

PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy,

The National University of Ostroh Academу

ACTIVATION OF STRESS-OVERCOMING STRATEGIES OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS WITH THE HELP OF MUSIC

The article examines the use of music in the process of students’ implementation of stress-relieving strategies during the period of martial law. A theoretical analysis of musical means (imaginative music-making, therapeutic song-writing, active music-making, joint music-making, joint improvisation, music listening, integrative music therapy techniques, in particular using the Orff approach) as factors in the activation of stress-overcoming strategies was carried out. An empirical study of the structure of personal stress coping strategies of future teachers in war conditions was conducted with the help of a survey and the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) method by James H. Amirkhan. The optimal musical techniques for the activation of the mentioned strategies have been found out.

According to the empirical study, it was found that the vast majority of students choose musical techniques in view of their positive effect on communication processes, activation of mechanisms of social and psychological adaptation, psychophysiology. Moreover, students choose musical techniques taking in consideration the influence on the processes of excitation and inhibition, self-awareness and self-regulation, and regulation of psycho-emotional and cognitive activity. The analysis of students’ stress-coping strategies indicates a significant advantage of the stress-coping tendency of ‘problem solving’ and ‘seeking social support’, which are considered to be more effective strategies in a stressful situation compared to the ‘avoidance’ strategy, which is not often used by students.

Using Spielberger – Hanin State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) the dynamics of changes of anxiety levels as a result of the musical intervention were analyzed. Based on the results obtained, a positive relationship between musical techniques and the level of situational and personal anxiety was revealed. The tendency to decrease the level of situational anxiety is more pronounced compared to personal anxiety, which corresponds to the norms of response to stressful factors in the conditions of a war situation.

According to the research results, a conclusion was made about the expediency of using certain musical techniques during the performance of stress-relieving strategies, in order to do certain tasks that ensure efficiency of their introduction.

Key words: music influence, music therapy, stress coping strategies, future primary school teachers, emotional intelligence.

Ivanna Shestopal,

PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), Senior Lecturer,

The National University of Ostroh Academy

Dasha Tkachenko,

Student,

The National University of Ostroh Academy

Daryna Saiko,

Student,

The National University of Ostroh Academy

STUDY OF STUDENT’S YOUTH ANXIETY DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Anxiety is a reflection of an emotional state or a set of reactions that occur in a person who perceives the situation as personally dangerous; it is characterized by subjective feelings of tension, worries, gloomy anticipation, and activation of the autonomic nervous system. The main functions of anxiety are signaling, stimulation, and adaptation. Anxiety has three forms of expression: physiological, psychological, and behavioral. Anxiety as a process of developing the set of symptoms has the following stages: feeling of inner tension, reactions of hyperesthesia, a sense of incomprehensible danger, fear, a sense of the inevitability of impending catastrophe, excitement of anxiety, and timidity. Studentship is a sensitive period for the development of main human sociogenic potency. The state of the heightened anxiety has a negative impact on the success of young people’s educational activities. The display of the medium level of student’s youth anxiety was diagnosed, which is determined by the manifestation of psychological symptoms of the studied phenomenon. The display of the lowest level of physiological symptoms of student’s youth anxiety was recorded. The authors’ recommendations and techniques of modern practicing specialists in the field of psychology are described, aiming to help students cope with the symptoms of anxiety during the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Keywords: anxiety, emotional state, symptoms of anxiety, student age, Russian-Ukrainian war.

Mariia Yakovleva,

Postgraduate Student at the National University of Ostroh Academy, Practical Psychologist at the Dubno Medical College

Ruslana Kalamazh,

Doctor of Sciences in Psychology, Professor, Vice-Rector for Educational Work,

The National University of Ostroh Academy

Anna Hilman,

PhD in Psychology, Senior Teacher at the Public Health Department and Physical Education, The National University of Ostroh Academy

DOMINANT COPING STRATEGIES IN STUDENTS OF MEDICAL COLLEGE

The article presents the results of the ascertaining stage of the study of coping behaviour in students of medical college. The author carried out a theoretical analysis of generic concepts of sanogenic coping, such as sanogenic reflection, sanogenic thinking, coping strategies and coping behaviour. It has been investigated that the most frequent events that cause stress in medical college students are: the death of a close family member, changes in the financial situation, intersex relationships, starting college (for male respondents) and illnesses, changes in social activity, change of a place of residence, conflicts in a collective (dormitory), death of a family member or friend, change of a place of residence and study (for female respondents). The level of stress resistance was experimentally studied and coping strategies were chosen by students to overcome the current stressors. It has been found out that the threshold level of resistance to stress prevails in most students. Thus, students are forced to make a lot of effort and spend their own internal resources to fight against negative mental states that appear in the process of coping with stress. It was identified that there is a significant share of medical college students with low stress resistance – 25% of male respondents and 22% of female respondents, and quite a few individuals showed a high level of stress resistance – only 12% of male respondents and 12% of female respondents. It was found that problem-oriented coping and the search for social support are dominant among medical college students’ coping strategies; other types of strategies such as emotion-oriented coping, avoidance, and distraction are used somewhat less often by young people. It is emphasized that adaptive coping strategies contribute to effective coping with stressful situations.

Based on the research, it was found that in most cases, the coping strategies chosen by the students led to an even greater increase in stress. Consequently, the problem of formation and development of productive copingstrategies among students of future medical workers remains relevant. The prospect of further research is the development of practical recommendations for effective coping with stressful and crisis situations in the activities of future medics.

Key words: COVID-19, stress resistance, coping behaviour, problem-oriented coping, emotionally-orientedcoping, avoidance-oriented coping, sanogenic reflection, sanogenic thinking, sanogenic coping.